19 September 2026

O Level English Language Complete Guide — With Urdu Explanation

Paper Format, Comprehension, Summary, Writing, Grammar, Sentence Structures & Practice

Introduction

O Level English Language can become much easier when you understand what the question is asking and how you should answer it.

اردو وضاحت

O Level English

صرف قواعد یاد کرنے کا نام نہیں ہے۔ آپ کو یہ سمجھنا بھی ضروری ہے کہ سوال کیا پوچھ رہا ہے، جواب کس انداز میں دینا ہے، کس کے لیے لکھنا ہے اور کس طرز پر جواب دینا ہے۔

 طالب علم کو چار بنیادی صلاحیتوں پر کام کرنا چاہیے

  • پڑھنا

  • سمجھنا

  • لکھنا

  • درست زبان استعمال کرنا


Part 1 — O Level English Paper Format

For students preparing for Cambridge O Level English Language, understanding the paper format is the first step.

اردو وضاحت

امتحان کی تیاری شروع کرنے سے پہلے طالب علم کو یہ معلوم ہونا چاہیے کہ پرچے میں کون سے حصے شامل ہیں، ہر حصے کے کتنے نمبر ہیں اور کس قسم کے سوالات پوچھے جاتے ہیں۔

Paper 1 — Reading

Time: 2 hours
Marks: 50

Paper 1 tests reading comprehension, language analysis, summary and short-response skills.

Section A — Comprehension and Use of Language

Question 1 — Comprehension: 16 marks

You answer questions about a passage.

Questions may test:

  • direct information

  • implied meaning

  • reasons

  • attitudes

  • feelings

  • ideas

اردو وضاحت

اس حصے میں ایک عبارت پڑھ کر اس سے متعلق سوالات کے جواب دینے ہوتے ہیں۔

کچھ جوابات عبارت میں صاف طور پر موجود ہوتے ہیں، جبکہ بعض سوالات کے جواب کے لیے عبارت کا گہرا مطلب سمجھنا پڑتا ہے۔

سوالات میں وجہ، احساسات، خیالات اور کسی شخص کے رویے کے بارے میں بھی پوچھا جا سکتا ہے۔


Question 2 — Use of Language: 9 marks

You explain how the writer uses particular words and phrases.

اردو وضاحت

اس حصے میں یہ دیکھنا ہوتا ہے کہ مصنف نے کوئی خاص لفظ یا جملہ کیوں استعمال کیا۔

صرف لفظ کا مطلب بتانا کافی نہیں ہوتا۔ یہ بھی واضح کرنا ہوتا ہے کہ اس لفظ سے کون سا احساس، منظر یا تاثر پیدا ہوتا ہے اور قاری پر اس کا کیا اثر پڑتا ہے۔


Section B — Summary and Short Response

Summary — 10 marks

You select the important information and write it concisely.

اردو وضاحت

عبارت دوبارہ نہیں لکھنی چاہیے۔ صرف وہ اہم نکات شامل کرنے چاہئیں جو سوال کا جواب دینے کے لیے ضروری ہوں۔

غیر ضروری مثالیں، تفصیلات اور بار بار دہرائی گئی باتیں نکال دینی چاہئیں۔


Short Response — 15 marks

You respond to a task using information from the passage.

اردو وضاحت

اس سوال میں عبارت سے حاصل ہونے والی معلومات کو سمجھ کر ایک مناسب جواب تیار کرنا ہوتا ہے۔

جواب میں صرف عبارت کے جملے نقل کرنے کے بجائے جہاں مناسب ہو، اپنی زبان میں بات بیان کرنی چاہیے۔


Paper 2 — Writing

Time: 2 hours
Marks: 50

Paper 2 tests your ability to write effectively for different purposes and audiences.

Possible formats include:

  • Article

  • Report

  • Email

  • Letter

  • Speech

اردو وضاحت

اس پرچے میں مختلف حالات کے مطابق تحریر لکھنی ہوتی ہے۔ ہر تحریر کا انداز ایک جیسا نہیں ہوتا۔

مثلاً:

Article → قارئین کے لیے تحریر

Report → حقائق، نتائج اور تجاویز بیان کرنے کے لیے

Email → کسی شخص کو معلومات یا پیغام دینے کے لیے

Speech → سامعین سے براہِ راست خطاب کرنے کے لیے

اس لیے سوال پڑھتے وقت یہ ضرور سمجھیں کہ آپ کس کے لیے اور کس مقصد سے لکھ رہے ہیں۔


Part 2 — How to Answer Comprehension

Comprehension means understanding what you have read.

اردو وضاحت

صرف عبارت پڑھ لینا نہیں بلکہ اس کا اصل مطلب سمجھنا ہے۔

آپ کو یہ دیکھنا ہوتا ہے کہ مصنف کیا کہنا چاہتا ہے، کردار کیا محسوس کر رہا ہے، کسی واقعے کی وجہ کیا ہے اور بعض اوقات عبارت میں چھپی ہوئی بات کیا ہے۔


Step 1 — Read the Question Carefully

Before looking for the answer, understand the question.

Example

Question:

Why was Ahmed reluctant to enter the house?

The important word is:

Why

So you must give a reason.

Weak Answer

Ahmed was reluctant.

Better Answer

Ahmed was reluctant because he was frightened by the strange noises coming from inside the house.

اردو وضاحت

سوال میں Why پوچھا گیا ہے، اس لیے صرف یہ کہنا کافی نہیں کہ Ahmed اندر جانے سے ہچکچا رہا تھا۔

آپ کو اس کی وجہ بھی بتانی ہوگی۔


Step 2 — Understand Direct Information

Sometimes the answer is clearly given in the passage.

Passage

Sara missed the bus because she woke up late.

Question

Why did Sara miss the bus?

Answer

Sara missed the bus because she woke up late.

اردو وضاحت

یہ براہِ راست دی گئی معلومات ہے۔ عبارت میں جواب صاف طور پر موجود ہے، اس لیے اسے تلاش کرکے درست انداز میں لکھنا نسبتاً آسان ہوتا ہے۔


Step 3 — Understand Implied Meaning

Sometimes the writer does not directly tell you the answer.

Example

Ahmed looked at the dark clouds and quickly closed all the windows.

Question

What does this suggest about the weather?

Answer

It suggests that Ahmed expected heavy rain or a storm.

اردو وضاحت

عبارت میں براہِ راست یہ نہیں کہا گیا کہ طوفان آنے والا تھا۔

لیکن کالے بادل دیکھ کر کھڑکیاں بند کرنا اس بات کی طرف اشارہ کرتا ہے کہ Ahmed کو شدید بارش یا طوفان کا خدشہ تھا۔

یہی عبارت سے پوشیدہ مطلب اخذ کرنا ہے۔


Part 3 — Use of Language

Use of Language questions ask:

Why has the writer chosen this particular word or phrase?

اردو وضاحت

یہاں آپ کو یہ بتانا ہوتا ہے کہ مصنف نے کسی خاص لفظ یا فقرے کا انتخاب کیوں کیا۔

آپ کو لفظ کا مطلب، اس سے پیدا ہونے والا احساس اور قاری پر پڑنے والا اثر واضح کرنا چاہیے۔

Golden Formula

Word → Meaning → Effect

لفظ → مطلب → اثر


Example

The waves crashed violently against the rocks.

The word "crashed" suggests force and violence.

It helps the reader imagine the powerful movement of the waves.

اردو وضاحت

Crashed ایسا تاثر دیتا ہے جیسے لہریں پوری طاقت کے ساتھ چٹانوں سے ٹکرا رہی ہوں۔

اس لفظ سے قاری کے ذہن میں سمندر کی طاقتور اور خطرناک لہروں کا منظر پیدا ہوتا ہے۔

Weak Answer

It makes the reader interested.

Better Answer

The word "crashed" suggests great force and violence, helping the reader imagine the power of the waves.

اردو

صرف یہ کہنا کافی نہیں کہ یہ لفظ قاری کی دلچسپی بڑھاتا ہے۔

یہ بھی بتانا ضروری ہے کہ لفظ کس طرح کا احساس یا منظر پیدا کرتا ہے اور کیوں کرتا ہے۔


Part 4 — Summary Writing

Summary means:

The main information in a shorter form.

اردو وضاحت

Summary میں کسی عبارت کی اہم معلومات کو مختصر انداز میں بیان کیا جاتا ہے۔

اچھی Summary میں اصل بات برقرار رہتی ہے لیکن غیر ضروری تفصیلات ختم کردی جاتی ہیں۔

Summary Formula

Read → Select → Reduce → Combine → Rewrite → Check

1. Read

Read the passage carefully.

اردو: عبارت کو غور سے پڑھیں۔

2. Select

Find information directly related to the question.

اردو: صرف سوال سے متعلق اہم نکات تلاش کریں۔

3. Reduce

Remove unnecessary examples and repetition.

اردو: غیر ضروری مثالیں اور دہرائی گئی باتیں نکال دیں۔

4. Combine

Join related ideas.

اردو: ایک دوسرے سے متعلق خیالات کو ملا کر بیان کریں۔

5. Rewrite

Use your own words where appropriate.

اردو: جہاں ممکن ہو، بات کو اپنے الفاظ میں بیان کریں۔

6. Check

Check grammar and word count.

اردو: آخر میں زبان کی درستگی اور الفاظ کی تعداد ضرور دیکھیں۔


Example

Original

Students can improve their English by reading newspapers. They can also read books and magazines. Reading exposes students to new vocabulary and different sentence structures.

Summary

Regular reading can improve students' English by exposing them to new vocabulary and different sentence structures.

اردو وضاحت

اصل عبارت میں اخبارات، کتابوں اور رسائل کی مثالیں دی گئی ہیں۔ Summary میں ان تمام مثالوں کو دوبارہ لکھنے کی ضرورت نہیں۔

اصل بات یہ ہے کہ باقاعدگی سے پڑھنے سے طلبہ کے الفاظ کے ذخیرے میں اضافہ ہوتا ہے اور انہیں مختلف جملوں کی ساخت سے واقفیت حاصل ہوتی ہے۔


Part 5 — Directed Writing Formats

Directed Writing میں تین چیزیں سب سے اہم ہیں:

Audience + Purpose + Format

اردو وضاحت

Audience

آپ کس کے لیے لکھ رہے ہیں؟

Purpose

آپ کیوں لکھ رہے ہیں؟

Format

آپ کس قسم کی تحریر لکھ رہے ہیں؟


Example

Write an article for your school magazine about the benefits of reading.

اس سوال میں:

Audience: School students/readers

Purpose: Inform/discuss

Format: Article

اردو وضاحت

اگر آپ یہ تین چیزیں سمجھ لیں کہ تحریر کس کے لیے ہے، کیوں لکھی جا رہی ہے اور کس طرز پر لکھی جانی ہے، تو آپ کے لیے مناسب زبان اور انداز اختیار کرنا بہت آسان ہوجاتا ہے۔


Part 6 — Article Writing

An article should be interesting, clear and well organised.

Basic Structure

1. Title

A good title should tell the reader what the article is about.

2. Introduction

Introduce the topic.

3. Main Body

Develop your ideas.

4. Conclusion

Finish with a strong final thought.

اردو وضاحت

ایک اچھے مضمون کا عنوان واضح ہونا چاہیے۔

ابتدا میں موضوع کا تعارف دیں، درمیان میں اپنے خیالات اور دلائل بیان کریں اور آخر میں ایک مضبوط اختتامی بات لکھیں۔


Example

The Importance of Reading

Reading is one of the simplest ways to improve our knowledge and language skills. It introduces us to new ideas, experiences and vocabulary.

اردو وضاحت

مضمون کی ابتدا ایسی ہونی چاہیے کہ قاری کو فوراً معلوم ہوجائے کہ موضوع کیا ہے اور تحریر کس سمت میں آگے بڑھے گی۔


Useful Article Techniques

You can use:

  • rhetorical questions

  • examples

  • interesting openings

  • varied vocabulary

  • short and long sentences

Example

How many books have you read this month?

اردو وضاحت

یہ سوال قاری کی توجہ حاصل کرنے کے لیے استعمال کیا گیا ہے۔ ایسے سوالات قاری کو موضوع کے بارے میں سوچنے پر مجبور کرسکتے ہیں۔


Part 7 — Report Writing

A report is usually factual, organised and clear.

اردو وضاحت

Report میں معلومات واضح، منظم اور حقیقت پر مبنی ہونی چاہئیں۔

اس میں ذاتی جذبات اور غیر ضروری تفصیلات سے گریز کرنا چاہیے۔ نتائج اور تجاویز صاف انداز میں بیان کی جاتی ہیں۔

Basic Structure

Title

Report on School Library Facilities

Introduction

The purpose of this report is to evaluate the current facilities in the school library.

اردو

اس رپورٹ کا مقصد اسکول کی لائبریری میں موجود سہولیات کا جائزہ لینا ہے۔

Findings

The survey revealed that many students wanted more modern books.

اردو

جائزے سے معلوم ہوا کہ بہت سے طلبہ مزید جدید کتابیں چاہتے ہیں۔

Recommendations

I recommend that the school purchase more recent books and provide additional study spaces.

اردو

میری تجویز ہے کہ اسکول نئی کتابیں خریدے اور مطالعے کے لیے مزید جگہ فراہم کرے۔


Part 8 — Email Writing

Email writing depends on the person you are writing to.

Formal Email

Use polite and professional language.

Example

I am writing to enquire about the English course offered by your institution.

اردو

میں آپ کے ادارے کی جانب سے پیش کیے جانے والے English course کے بارے میں معلومات حاصل کرنے کے لیے یہ پیغام لکھ رہا ہوں۔

Useful Expressions

I would be grateful if you could...

I would like to enquire about...

I look forward to your response.

اردو وضاحت

رسمی پیغام میں شائستہ اور باوقار زبان استعمال کریں۔


Informal Email

An email to a friend can be more relaxed.

Example

I hope you're doing well. I wanted to tell you about my new school.

اردو

امید ہے تم خیریت سے ہو۔ میں تمہیں اپنے نئے اسکول کے بارے میں بتانا چاہتا تھا۔

Important Rule

Formal situation → Formal language

Informal situation → Informal language

اردو وضاحت

اگر پیغام کسی استاد، ادارے یا کسی رسمی شخصیت کو بھیجا جا رہا ہے تو شائستہ اور رسمی زبان استعمال کریں۔

اگر پیغام کسی دوست یا قریبی شخص کو ہے تو نسبتاً بے تکلف انداز اختیار کیا جاسکتا ہے۔


Part 9 — Speech Writing

A speech is written to be heard by an audience.

اردو وضاحت

Speech اس انداز میں لکھی جاتی ہے جیسے آپ لوگوں کے سامنے کھڑے ہو کر بات کر رہے ہوں۔

اس لیے اس میں سامعین سے براہِ راست خطاب کیا جا سکتا ہے اور ایسے جملے استعمال کیے جا سکتے ہیں جو ان کی توجہ حاصل کریں۔

Opening

Good morning, everyone.

Today I would like to talk to you about the importance of reading.

اردو وضاحت

Speech کے آغاز میں سامعین کو مخاطب کریں اور فوراً موضوع کا تعارف کرائیں۔


Use Rhetorical Questions

How many hours do we spend on our phones every day?

اردو

ہم روزانہ کتنے گھنٹے اپنے فون پر گزارتے ہیں؟

اردو وضاحت

ایسا سوال سامعین کو سوچنے پر مجبور کرتا ہے اور ان کی توجہ موضوع کی طرف لاتا ہے۔


Strong Ending

So, let us make a change today and use our time more wisely.

اردو

آئیے آج سے تبدیلی لائیں اور اپنے وقت کو زیادہ سمجھ داری سے استعمال کریں۔

اردو وضاحت

Speech کے آخر میں ایسا پیغام دینا مفید ہوتا ہے جو سامعین کو سوچنے یا کوئی مثبت قدم اٹھانے پر آمادہ کرے۔


Part 10 — Composition

Composition میں آپ کو اپنی تحریری صلاحیتیں دکھانے کا موقع ملتا ہے۔

Possible styles include:

  • Narrative

  • Descriptive

  • Discursive

  • Argumentative

اردو وضاحت

Composition میں مختلف انداز اختیار کیے جاسکتے ہیں۔ بعض سوالات میں کہانی لکھنی ہوتی ہے، بعض میں کسی منظر کی تصویر کشی کرنی ہوتی ہے، جبکہ بعض میں کسی موضوع کے مختلف پہلوؤں یا دلائل پر گفتگو کرنی ہوتی ہے۔


Narrative Writing

Narrative means telling a story.

Basic Formula

Character → Setting → Problem → Development → Climax → Ending

اردو

کردار → جگہ یا ماحول → مسئلہ → واقعات کی پیش رفت → عروج → اختتام


Weak Opening

I woke up and went outside.

Better Opening

I woke suddenly to the sound of footsteps outside my bedroom. For several seconds, I remained completely still.

اردو وضاحت

دوسرے جملے میں فوراً تجسس اور خوف کی کیفیت پیدا ہوتی ہے۔

قاری یہ جاننا چاہتا ہے کہ باہر کون ہے اور آگے کیا ہونے والا ہے۔

کہانی کی ابتدا ایسی ہونی چاہیے کہ قاری آگے پڑھنے میں دلچسپی محسوس کرے۔


Part 11 — O Level Sentence Structures

Strong writing requires sentence variety.

اردو وضاحت

اچھی تحریر میں ہر جملہ ایک ہی انداز میں نہیں ہونا چاہیے۔

اگر تمام جملے ایک ہی ساخت کے ہوں تو تحریر بے جان اور یکساں محسوس ہوسکتی ہے۔

مختلف جملوں کی ساخت استعمال کرنے سے تحریر زیادہ مؤثر اور پختہ ہوجاتی ہے۔


Vocabulary for O Level Writing

Good vocabulary does not mean using difficult words everywhere.

اردو وضاحت

 صرف مشکل الفاظ استعمال کرنا مقصد نہیں ہے۔

اصل اہمیت اس بات کی ہے کہ آپ مناسب موقع پر درست لفظ استعمال کریں۔

ایسا لفظ استعمال کرنا بہتر ہے جس کا مطلب اور استعمال آپ اچھی طرح جانتے ہوں، بجائے اس کے کہ صرف مشکل نظر آنے کے لیے کوئی لفظ استعمال کیا جائے۔

Basic → Better

Basic WordBetter Wordاردو مطلب
very bigenormousبہت بڑا
very tiredexhaustedبہت تھکا ہوا
very angryfuriousبہت غصے میں
very scaredterrifiedبہت خوف زدہ
very importantessentialنہایت ضروری
very happydelightedبہت خوش
very sadmiserableبہت اداس

Important

Do not use a difficult word if you are not sure about its meaning.

اردو

اگر کسی مشکل لفظ کا صحیح مطلب یا استعمال معلوم نہ ہو تو اسے صرف تحریر کو متاثر کن بنانے کے لیے استعمال نہ کریں۔

Accuracy is more important than complexity.

اردو

درست زبان، مشکل زبان سے زیادہ اہم ہے۔


How to Plan an O Level Answer

Never start writing immediately.

اردو وضاحت

سوال دیکھتے ہی فوراً لکھنا شروع نہ کریں۔

پہلے چند لمحے سوال کو سمجھنے، اہم نکات سوچنے اور جواب کی ترتیب بنانے میں صرف کریں۔

The 5-Step Method

1. Understand

What exactly is the question asking?

اردو

سوال اصل میں کیا پوچھ رہا ہے؟


2. Audience

Who will read your writing?

اردو

آپ کی تحریر کون پڑھے گا؟


3. Purpose

Why are you writing?

اردو

آپ یہ تحریر کیوں لکھ رہے ہیں؟


4. Ideas

What points will you discuss?

اردو

آپ کن اہم نکات پر بات کریں گے؟


5. Structure

What should come first, second and third?

اردو

کون سی بات پہلے، کون سی دوسری اور کون سی تیسری بیان کرنی ہے؟


Paragraph Formula

A strong paragraph can follow:

Point → Explanation → Example → Link

Example

Point:

Reading is beneficial for students.

Explanation:

It exposes them to a wide range of vocabulary and sentence structures.

Example:

For example, students who regularly read newspapers and novels encounter expressions that are not commonly used in everyday conversation.

Link:

Therefore, regular reading can contribute significantly to language development.

اردو وضاحت

Point: پہلے اپنی بنیادی بات بیان کریں۔

Explanation: پھر اس بات کی وضاحت کریں۔

Example: ضرورت ہو تو مثال دیں۔

Link: آخر میں اپنی بات کو اصل موضوع سے دوبارہ جوڑ دیں۔

آسان طریقہ

بات → وضاحت → مثال → نتیجہ


Examiner-Style Practice

اب اپنی صلاحیتوں کو جانچیں۔

Practice Passage

Daniel stood outside the abandoned railway station. The building had been empty for decades, yet a faint light could be seen through one of the upstairs windows. He hesitated before pushing open the rusty gate. The wind howled around him as he stepped inside.

Question 1

Why was Daniel surprised to see a light?

Question 2

What does the word "abandoned" suggest about the station?

Question 3

What does "hesitated" tell us about Daniel?

Question 4

How does the writer create a sense of mystery?


Use of Language Practice

Consider this sentence:

"The wind howled around him."

Question

Explain how the word "howled" affects the reader.

Answer Method

Word → Meaning → Effect

Possible Answer

The word "howled" suggests a loud and frightening sound, creating a threatening atmosphere around Daniel.

اردو وضاحت

Howled سے تیز، خوفناک اور مسلسل آواز کا تصور پیدا ہوتا ہے۔

اس لفظ کی وجہ سے ماحول زیادہ پراسرار اور خوفناک محسوس ہوتا ہے اور قاری کو Daniel کی صورتحال میں خطرے کا احساس ہوتا ہے۔


Summary Practice

Imagine a passage explaining the benefits of reading.

The passage mentions:

  1. Reading improves vocabulary.

  2. Reading develops imagination.

  3. Reading increases general knowledge.

  4. Reading improves concentration.

  5. Reading exposes students to different writing styles.

Task

Write a summary explaining the benefits of reading for students.

اردو طریقہ

تمام نکات کو الگ الگ نقل نہ کریں۔

ایک جیسے خیالات کو آپس میں ملا کر مختصر انداز میں بیان کریں۔

Possible Summary

Regular reading benefits students in several ways. It expands their vocabulary and general knowledge while also developing their imagination and concentration. In addition, exposure to different types of writing helps students understand a variety of writing styles.

اردو وضاحت

اس خلاصے میں تمام اہم فوائد کو مختصر انداز میں یکجا کردیا گیا ہے۔ غیر ضروری تفصیلات یا الگ الگ مثالیں شامل نہیں کی گئیں۔


Directed Writing Practice

Article

Question

Write an article for your school magazine discussing the benefits and disadvantages of using mobile phones in education.

Before writing, identify:

Audience: Students

Purpose: Discuss

Format: Article

اردو وضاحت

سوال میں فوائد اور نقصانات دونوں کے بارے میں پوچھا گیا ہے۔

اس لیے صرف فوائد بیان کرنا کافی نہیں ہوگا۔ دونوں پہلوؤں کو مناسب تفصیل کے ساتھ بیان کرنا چاہیے۔


Report Practice

Question

Your school principal has asked you to investigate the condition of the school library. Write a report giving your findings and recommendations.

Plan

Introduction

Why was the report written?

Findings

What did you discover?

Recommendations

What should the school do?

اردو وضاحت

رپورٹ لکھنے سے پہلے یہ طے کریں کہ رپورٹ کیوں لکھی جا رہی ہے، جائزے سے کیا معلوم ہوا اور آخر میں اسکول کے لیے کون سی تجاویز دی جاسکتی ہیں۔


Speech Practice

Question

Write a speech for your school assembly about the importance of regular exercise.

Opening

Good morning, everyone. Today I would like to talk to you about something that affects both our physical and mental well-being: regular exercise.

اردو وضاحت

Speech میں سامعین سے براہِ راست بات کریں۔

مثلاً:

Good morning, everyone.

Have you ever wondered...?

Let me ask you...

We must remember...

اس طرح سامعین کو اپنی بات میں شامل کیا جاسکتا ہے۔


Composition Practice

Write a story beginning with:

"The moment I opened the door, I knew that something was wrong."

اردو منصوبہ بندی

کہانی شروع کرنے سے پہلے ان سوالات کے جواب سوچیں:

Who? — کون؟

Where? — کہاں؟

What happened? — کیا ہوا؟

Why? — کیوں ہوا؟

What happened next? — پھر کیا ہوا؟

Ending? — آخر میں کیا ہوا؟

اردو وضاحت

کہانی لکھنے سے پہلے مختصر منصوبہ بنانا آپ کو واقعات کو ترتیب سے بیان کرنے میں مدد دے گا۔


O Level English Master Formula

Reading

Read → Understand → Infer → Explain

اردو

پڑھیں → سمجھیں → پوشیدہ مطلب اخذ کریں → واضح کریں


Use of Language

Word → Meaning → Effect

اردو

لفظ → مطلب → اثر


Summary

Select → Reduce → Combine → Rewrite → Check

اردو

اہم نکات نکالیں → غیر ضروری باتیں ختم کریں → متعلقہ خیالات ملائیں → اپنے الفاظ میں لکھیں → آخر میں جانچ کریں


Directed Writing

Audience → Purpose → Format → Content → Tone

اردو

مخاطب → مقصد → طرزِ تحریر → مواد → اندازِ بیان


Composition

Plan → Structure → Develop → Describe → Edit

اردو

منصوبہ بنائیں → ترتیب قائم کریں → خیالات کو آگے بڑھائیں → مناسب منظر کشی کریں → آخر میں غلطیاں درست کریں


Final O Level Advice

Do not try to make every sentence complicated.

Simple + Accurate + Varied English is much more useful than complicated English full of mistakes.

اردو میں یاد رکھیں

مشکل English لکھنے سے زیادہ ضروری صحیح English لکھنا ہے۔

باقاعدگی سے مشق کریں۔

ہر روز کم از کم ایک پیراگراف لکھیں۔

نئے الفاظ سیکھیں۔

مختلف جملوں کی ساخت سیکھیں۔

اپنی زبان کی غلطیاں تلاش کریں اور انہیں درست کریں۔

اور سب سے اہم بات:

Don't just read English tips — practise writing English.

اردو

صرف  کے اصول پڑھنے سے بہتری نہیں آئے گی۔ ان اصولوں کو اپنی تحریر میں استعمال کرنا ضروری ہے۔

ایک طالب علم اس وقت بہتر ہوتا ہے جب وہ یہ سلسلہ جاری رکھتا ہے:

Learn → Practise → Make Mistakes → Correct → Practise Again

اردو

سیکھیں → مشق کریں → غلطیاں کریں → غلطیاں درست کریں → دوبارہ مشق کریں

یہی O Level English میں بہتری لانے کا بنیادی راستہ ہے۔

10 September 2026

9/11 Terrorism Related Vocabulary

  What is the vocaabulary? and why is it important. Click here to read it..

EnglishMeaningUrdu
AttackAn act of violence against someone or somethingحملہ
TerrorismThe use of violence to create fear for political purposesدہشت گردی
HijackingTaking control of an aircraft by forceطیارہ اغوا کرنا
CasualtyA person injured or killed in an eventزخمی یا ہلاک ہونے والا شخص
VictimA person harmed or killed in an attackمتاثرہ شخص / ہلاک شدہ شخص
SurvivorA person who remains alive after a disaster or attackزندہ بچ جانے والا
DevastationGreat destruction or damageتباہی
DestructionThe act of damaging or destroying somethingتباہی / بربادی
CollapseTo fall down suddenlyمنہدم ہونا
DebrisBroken pieces left after destructionملبہ
EvacuationMoving people away from a dangerous placeانخلا
RescueSaving someone from dangerبچاؤ / امداد
EmergencyA sudden dangerous situation requiring immediate actionہنگامی صورتِ حال
TragedyA very sad and terrible eventسانحہ / المیہ
GriefDeep sadness caused by someone's deathغم / سوگ
MemorialSomething created to remember people or eventsیادگار
RemembranceThe act of remembering someone or somethingیاد / یادگاری
First RespondersPeople who arrive first to help during an emergencyہنگامی امدادی کارکن
ResilienceThe ability to recover after difficultyثابت قدمی / دوبارہ سنبھلنے کی صلاحیت
VigilanceCareful watchfulness to prevent dangerچوکسی / ہوشیاری
SecurityProtection from danger or attackسلامتی / حفاظتی انتظامات
PerilSerious and immediate dangerخطرہ
AftermathThe effects or consequences following a major eventبعد کے اثرات
CommemorationAn act of honoring and remembering an important eventیادگاری تقریب
ExtremismHolding extreme political or religious viewsانتہا پسندی
PerpetratorA person who commits a crime or harmful actجرم کا مرتکب / مجرم
TargetA person or place chosen to be attackedنشانہ
Emergency ResponseActions taken to deal with a disaster or attackہنگامی ردِعمل
National SecurityProtection of a country from threatsقومی سلامتی
UnityThe state of being joined togetherاتحاد


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08 September 2026

Random Vocabulary 64

 What is the vocaabulary? and why is it important. Click here to read it.

EnglishMeaningUrdu
Audacious                        Very boldدلیر / بے باک
BrevityShortnessاختصار
CandidHonest / Frankصاف گو / بے تکلف
DeplorableVery badقابلِ مذمت
DeteriorateBecome worseبگڑنا
EloquentFluent / Persuasiveفصیح / بلیغ
FeasiblePossible / Practicalقابلِ عمل
FrivolousNot seriousغیر سنجیدہ
ImpeccablePerfect / Faultlessبے عیب
InevitableCertain to happenناگزیر
MagnanimousGenerousعالی ظرف
MeticulousVery carefulباریک بین / محتاط
ObsoleteOutdatedمتروک / فرسودہ
PerilousDangerousخطرناک
PragmaticPracticalعملی
ResilientAble to recover quickly                    ثابت قدم / مضبوط
ScrutinizeExamine closelyباریک بینی سے جانچنا
TenaciousPersistent / Determinedثابت قدم / پُرعزم
UbiquitousPresent everywhereہر جگہ موجود
VigilantWatchful / Alertچوکس / خبردار

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06 September 2024

Power Of Reading Bedtime Stories For Kids


"Bedtime Reading and Its Influence on Sleep Quality in Children"



A study published in the Journal of Pediatric Psychology explored the relationship between bedtime reading and sleep quality in young children. The researchers discovered that children who were read bedtime stories before sleep had better sleep patterns, falling asleep faster and experiencing fewer night awakenings. The calming routine of a bedtime story helps children transition smoothly from wakefulness to sleep, promoting a sense of security and relaxation. The study concluded that bedtime reading not only enhances sleep quality but also contributes to emotional well-being by reducing anxiety and stress.

12 August 2024

Privacy Policy

PRIVACY POLICY

Last updated August 11, 2024



This privacy notice for __________ ('we', 'us', or 'our'), describes how and why we might collect, store, use, and/or share ('process') your information when you use our services ('Services'), such as when you:
  • Engage with us in other related ways, including any sales, marketing, or events
Questions or concerns? Reading this privacy notice will help you understand your privacy rights and choices. If you do not agree with our policies and practices, please do not use our Services. If you still have any questions or concerns, please contact us at masrooralizaidi@gmail.com.


SUMMARY OF KEY POINTS

This summary provides key points from our privacy notice, but you can find out more details about any of these topics by clicking the link following each key point or by using our table of contents below to find the section you are looking for.

What personal information do we process? When you visit, use, or navigate our Services, we may process personal information depending on how you interact with us and the Services, the choices you make, and the products and features you use. Learn more about personal information you disclose to us.

Do we process any sensitive personal information? We do not process sensitive personal information.

Do we collect any information from third parties? We do not collect any information from third parties.

How do we process your information? We process your information to provide, improve, and administer our Services, communicate with you, for security and fraud prevention, and to comply with law. We may also process your information for other purposes with your consent. We process your information only when we have a valid legal reason to do so. Learn more about how we process your information.

In what situations and with which parties do we share personal information? We may share information in specific situations and with specific third parties. Learn more about when and with whom we share your personal information.

How do we keep your information safe? We have organisational and technical processes and procedures in place to protect your personal information. However, no electronic transmission over the internet or information storage technology can be guaranteed to be 100% secure, so we cannot promise or guarantee that hackers, cybercriminals, or other unauthorised third parties will not be able to defeat our security and improperly collect, access, steal, or modify your information. Learn more about how we keep your information safe.

What are your rights? Depending on where you are located geographically, the applicable privacy law may mean you have certain rights regarding your personal information. Learn more about your privacy rights.

How do you exercise your rights? The easiest way to exercise your rights is by submitting a data subject access request, or by contacting us. We will consider and act upon any request in accordance with applicable data protection laws.

Want to learn more about what we do with any information we collect? Review the privacy notice in full.


TABLE OF CONTENTS



1. WHAT INFORMATION DO WE COLLECT?

Personal information you disclose to us

In Short: We collect personal information that you provide to us.

We collect personal information that you voluntarily provide to us when you express an interest in obtaining information about us or our products and Services, when you participate in activities on the Services, or otherwise when you contact us.

Personal Information Provided by You. The personal information that we collect depends on the context of your interactions with us and the Services, the choices you make, and the products and features you use. The personal information we collect may include the following:
  • email addresses
Sensitive Information. We do not process sensitive information.

All personal information that you provide to us must be true, complete, and accurate, and you must notify us of any changes to such personal information.

Information automatically collected

In Short: Some information — such as your Internet Protocol (IP) address and/or browser and device characteristics — is collected automatically when you visit our Services.

We automatically collect certain information when you visit, use, or navigate the Services. This information does not reveal your specific identity (like your name or contact information) but may include device and usage information, such as your IP address, browser and device characteristics, operating system, language preferences, referring URLs, device name, country, location, information about how and when you use our Services, and other technical information. This information is primarily needed to maintain the security and operation of our Services, and for our internal analytics and reporting purposes.

The information we collect includes:
  • Log and Usage Data. Log and usage data is service-related, diagnostic, usage, and performance information our servers automatically collect when you access or use our Services and which we record in log files. Depending on how you interact with us, this log data may include your IP address, device information, browser type, and settings and information about your activity in the Services (such as the date/time stamps associated with your usage, pages and files viewed, searches, and other actions you take such as which features you use), device event information (such as system activity, error reports (sometimes called 'crash dumps'), and hardware settings).
  • Device Data. We collect device data such as information about your computer, phone, tablet, or other device you use to access the Services. Depending on the device used, this device data may include information such as your IP address (or proxy server), device and application identification numbers, location, browser type, hardware model, Internet service provider and/or mobile carrier, operating system, and system configuration information.
  • Location Data. We collect location data such as information about your device's location, which can be either precise or imprecise. How much information we collect depends on the type and settings of the device you use to access the Services. For example, we may use GPS and other technologies to collect geolocation data that tells us your current location (based on your IP address). You can opt out of allowing us to collect this information either by refusing access to the information or by disabling your Location setting on your device. However, if you choose to opt out, you may not be able to use certain aspects of the Services.

2. HOW DO WE PROCESS YOUR INFORMATION?

In Short: We process your information to provide, improve, and administer our Services, communicate with you, for security and fraud prevention, and to comply with law. We may also process your information for other purposes with your consent.

We process your personal information for a variety of reasons, depending on how you interact with our Services, including:

  • To deliver targeted advertising to you. We may process your information to develop and display personalised content and advertising tailored to your interests, location, and more.
  • To save or protect an individual's vital interest. We may process your information when necessary to save or protect an individual’s vital interest, such as to prevent harm.

3. WHAT LEGAL BASES DO WE RELY ON TO PROCESS YOUR INFORMATION?

In Short: We only process your personal information when we believe it is necessary and we have a valid legal reason (i.e. legal basis) to do so under applicable law, like with your consent, to comply with laws, to provide you with services to enter into or fulfil our contractual obligations, to protect your rights, or to fulfil our legitimate business interests.

If you are located in the EU or UK, this section applies to you.

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and UK GDPR require us to explain the valid legal bases we rely on in order to process your personal information. As such, we may rely on the following legal bases to process your personal information:
  • Consent. We may process your information if you have given us permission (i.e. consent) to use your personal information for a specific purpose. You can withdraw your consent at any time. Learn more about withdrawing your consent.
  • Legitimate Interests. We may process your information when we believe it is reasonably necessary to achieve our legitimate business interests and those interests do not outweigh your interests and fundamental rights and freedoms. For example, we may process your personal information for some of the purposes described in order to:
  • Develop and display personalised and relevant advertising content for our users
  • Legal Obligations. We may process your information where we believe it is necessary for compliance with our legal obligations, such as to cooperate with a law enforcement body or regulatory agency, exercise or defend our legal rights, or disclose your information as evidence in litigation in which we are involved.
  • Vital Interests. We may process your information where we believe it is necessary to protect your vital interests or the vital interests of a third party, such as situations involving potential threats to the safety of any person.
If you are located in Canada, this section applies to you.

We may process your information if you have given us specific permission (i.e. express consent) to use your personal information for a specific purpose, or in situations where your permission can be inferred (i.e. implied consent). You can withdraw your consent at any time.

In some exceptional cases, we may be legally permitted under applicable law to process your information without your consent, including, for example:
  • If collection is clearly in the interests of an individual and consent cannot be obtained in a timely way
  • For investigations and fraud detection and prevention
  • For business transactions provided certain conditions are met
  • If it is contained in a witness statement and the collection is necessary to assess, process, or settle an insurance claim
  • For identifying injured, ill, or deceased persons and communicating with next of kin
  • If we have reasonable grounds to believe an individual has been, is, or may be victim of financial abuse
  • If it is reasonable to expect collection and use with consent would compromise the availability or the accuracy of the information and the collection is reasonable for purposes related to investigating a breach of an agreement or a contravention of the laws of Canada or a province
  • If disclosure is required to comply with a subpoena, warrant, court order, or rules of the court relating to the production of records
  • If it was produced by an individual in the course of their employment, business, or profession and the collection is consistent with the purposes for which the information was produced
  • If the collection is solely for journalistic, artistic, or literary purposes
  • If the information is publicly available and is specified by the regulations

4. WHEN AND WITH WHOM DO WE SHARE YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION?

In Short: We may share information in specific situations described in this section and/or with the following third parties.

We may need to share your personal information in the following situations:
  • Business Transfers. We may share or transfer your information in connection with, or during negotiations of, any merger, sale of company assets, financing, or acquisition of all or a portion of our business to another company.

5. WHAT IS OUR STANCE ON THIRD-PARTY WEBSITES?

In Short: We are not responsible for the safety of any information that you share with third parties that we may link to or who advertise on our Services, but are not affiliated with, our Services.

The Services may link to third-party websites, online services, or mobile applications and/or contain advertisements from third parties that are not affiliated with us and which may link to other websites, services, or applications. Accordingly, we do not make any guarantee regarding any such third parties, and we will not be liable for any loss or damage caused by the use of such third-party websites, services, or applications. The inclusion of a link towards a third-party website, service, or application does not imply an endorsement by us. We cannot guarantee the safety and privacy of data you provide to any third parties. Any data collected by third parties is not covered by this privacy notice. We are not responsible for the content or privacy and security practices and policies of any third parties, including other websites, services, or applications that may be linked to or from the Services. You should review the policies of such third parties and contact them directly to respond to your questions.

6. DO WE USE COOKIES AND OTHER TRACKING TECHNOLOGIES?

In Short: We may use cookies and other tracking technologies to collect and store your information.

We may use cookies and similar tracking technologies (like web beacons and pixels) to gather information when you interact with our Services. Some online tracking technologies help us maintain the security of our Services, prevent crashes, fix bugs, save your preferences, and assist with basic site functions.

We also permit third parties and service providers to use online tracking technologies on our Services for analytics and advertising, including to help manage and display advertisements, to tailor advertisements to your interests, or to send abandoned shopping cart reminders (depending on your communication preferences). The third parties and service providers use their technology to provide advertising about products and services tailored to your interests which may appear either on our Services or on other websites.

To the extent these online tracking technologies are deemed to be a 'sale'/'sharing' (which includes targeted advertising, as defined under the applicable laws) under applicable US state laws, you can opt out of these online tracking technologies by submitting a request as described below under section 'DO UNITED STATES RESIDENTS HAVE SPECIFIC PRIVACY RIGHTS?'

Specific information about how we use such technologies and how you can refuse certain cookies is set out in our Cookie Notice.

Google Analytics

We may share your information with Google Analytics to track and analyse the use of the Services. The Google Analytics Advertising Features that we may use include: Google Analytics Demographics and Interests Reporting. To opt out of being tracked by Google Analytics across the Services, visit https://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout. You can opt out of Google Analytics Advertising Features through Ads Settings and Ad Settings for mobile apps. Other opt out means include http://optout.networkadvertising.org/ and http://www.networkadvertising.org/mobile-choice. For more information on the privacy practices of Google, please visit the Google Privacy & Terms page.

7. HOW LONG DO WE KEEP YOUR INFORMATION?

In Short: We keep your information for as long as necessary to fulfil the purposes outlined in this privacy notice unless otherwise required by law.

We will only keep your personal information for as long as it is necessary for the purposes set out in this privacy notice, unless a longer retention period is required or permitted by law (such as tax, accounting, or other legal requirements).

When we have no ongoing legitimate business need to process your personal information, we will either delete or anonymise such information, or, if this is not possible (for example, because your personal information has been stored in backup archives), then we will securely store your personal information and isolate it from any further processing until deletion is possible.

8. HOW DO WE KEEP YOUR INFORMATION SAFE?

In Short: We aim to protect your personal information through a system of organisational and technical security measures.

We have implemented appropriate and reasonable technical and organisational security measures designed to protect the security of any personal information we process. However, despite our safeguards and efforts to secure your information, no electronic transmission over the Internet or information storage technology can be guaranteed to be 100% secure, so we cannot promise or guarantee that hackers, cybercriminals, or other unauthorised third parties will not be able to defeat our security and improperly collect, access, steal, or modify your information. Although we will do our best to protect your personal information, transmission of personal information to and from our Services is at your own risk. You should only access the Services within a secure environment.

9. WHAT ARE YOUR PRIVACY RIGHTS?

In Short: Depending on your state of residence in the US or in some regions, such as the European Economic Area (EEA), United Kingdom (UK), Switzerland, and Canada, you have rights that allow you greater access to and control over your personal information. You may review, change, or terminate your account at any time, depending on your country, province, or state of residence.

In some regions (like the EEA, UK, Switzerland, and Canada), you have certain rights under applicable data protection laws. These may include the right (i) to request access and obtain a copy of your personal information, (ii) to request rectification or erasure; (iii) to restrict the processing of your personal information; (iv) if applicable, to data portability; and (v) not to be subject to automated decision-making. In certain circumstances, you may also have the right to object to the processing of your personal information. You can make such a request by contacting us by using the contact details provided in the section 'HOW CAN YOU CONTACT US ABOUT THIS NOTICE?' below.

We will consider and act upon any request in accordance with applicable data protection laws.
 
If you are located in the EEA or UK and you believe we are unlawfully processing your personal information, you also have the right to complain to your Member State data protection authority or UK data protection authority.

If you are located in Switzerland, you may contact the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner.

Withdrawing your consent: If we are relying on your consent to process your personal information, which may be express and/or implied consent depending on the applicable law, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time. You can withdraw your consent at any time by contacting us by using the contact details provided in the section 'HOW CAN YOU CONTACT US ABOUT THIS NOTICE?' below.

However, please note that this will not affect the lawfulness of the processing before its withdrawal nor, when applicable law allows, will it affect the processing of your personal information conducted in reliance on lawful processing grounds other than consent.

If you have questions or comments about your privacy rights, you may email us at masrooralizaidi@gmail.com.

10. CONTROLS FOR DO-NOT-TRACK FEATURES

Most web browsers and some mobile operating systems and mobile applications include a Do-Not-Track ('DNT') feature or setting you can activate to signal your privacy preference not to have data about your online browsing activities monitored and collected. At this stage, no uniform technology standard for recognising and implementing DNT signals has been finalised. As such, we do not currently respond to DNT browser signals or any other mechanism that automatically communicates your choice not to be tracked online. If a standard for online tracking is adopted that we must follow in the future, we will inform you about that practice in a revised version of this privacy notice.

California law requires us to let you know how we respond to web browser DNT signals. Because there currently is not an industry or legal standard for recognising or honouring DNT signals, we do not respond to them at this time.

11. DO UNITED STATES RESIDENTS HAVE SPECIFIC PRIVACY RIGHTS?

In Short: If you are a resident of California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, or Virginia, you may have the right to request access to and receive details about the personal information we maintain about you and how we have processed it, correct inaccuracies, get a copy of, or delete your personal information. You may also have the right to withdraw your consent to our processing of your personal information. These rights may be limited in some circumstances by applicable law. More information is provided below.

Categories of Personal Information We Collect

We have collected the following categories of personal information in the past twelve (12) months:

CategoryExamplesCollected
A. Identifiers
Contact details, such as real name, alias, postal address, telephone or mobile contact number, unique personal identifier, online identifier, Internet Protocol address, email address, and account name

NO

B. Personal information as defined in the California Customer Records statute
Name, contact information, education, employment, employment history, and financial information

NO

C. Protected classification characteristics under state or federal law
Gender, age, date of birth, race and ethnicity, national origin, marital status, and other demographic data

NO

D. Commercial information
Transaction information, purchase history, financial details, and payment information

NO

E. Biometric information
Fingerprints and voiceprints

NO

F. Internet or other similar network activity
Browsing history, search history, online behaviour, interest data, and interactions with our and other websites, applications, systems, and advertisements

NO

G. Geolocation data
Device location

NO

H. Audio, electronic, sensory, or similar information
Images and audio, video or call recordings created in connection with our business activities

NO

I. Professional or employment-related information
Business contact details in order to provide you our Services at a business level or job title, work history, and professional qualifications if you apply for a job with us

NO

J. Education Information
Student records and directory information

NO

K. Inferences drawn from collected personal information
Inferences drawn from any of the collected personal information listed above to create a profile or summary about, for example, an individual’s preferences and characteristics

NO

L. Sensitive personal Information

NO


We may also collect other personal information outside of these categories through instances where you interact with us in person, online, or by phone or mail in the context of:
  • Receiving help through our customer support channels;
  • Participation in customer surveys or contests; and
  • Facilitation in the delivery of our Services and to respond to your inquiries.
We will use and retain the collected personal information as needed to provide the Services or for:
  • Category H - never
Sources of Personal Information

Learn more about the sources of personal information we collect in 'WHAT INFORMATION DO WE COLLECT?'

How We Use and Share Personal Information

Learn about how we use your personal information in the section, 'HOW DO WE PROCESS YOUR INFORMATION?'

Will your information be shared with anyone else?

We may disclose your personal information with our service providers pursuant to a written contract between us and each service provider. Learn more about how we disclose personal information to in the section, 'WHEN AND WITH WHOM DO WE SHARE YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION?'

We may use your personal information for our own business purposes, such as for undertaking internal research for technological development and demonstration. This is not considered to be 'selling' of your personal information.

We have not disclosed, sold, or shared any personal information to third parties for a business or commercial purpose in the preceding twelve (12) months. We will not sell or share personal information in the future belonging to website visitors, users, and other consumers.

Your Rights

You have rights under certain US state data protection laws. However, these rights are not absolute, and in certain cases, we may decline your request as permitted by law. These rights include:
  • Right to know whether or not we are processing your personal data
  • Right to access your personal data
  • Right to correct inaccuracies in your personal data
  • Right to request the deletion of your personal data
  • Right to obtain a copy of the personal data you previously shared with us
  • Right to non-discrimination for exercising your rights
  • Right to opt out of the processing of your personal data if it is used for targeted advertising (or sharing as defined under California’s privacy law), the sale of personal data, or profiling in furtherance of decisions that produce legal or similarly significant effects ('profiling')
Depending upon the state where you live, you may also have the following rights:
  • Right to obtain a list of the categories of third parties to which we have disclosed personal data (as permitted by applicable law, including California's and Delaware's privacy law)
  • Right to obtain a list of specific third parties to which we have disclosed personal data (as permitted by applicable law, including Oregon’s privacy law)
  • Right to limit use and disclosure of sensitive personal data (as permitted by applicable law, including California’s privacy law)
  • Right to opt out of the collection of sensitive data and personal data collected through the operation of a voice or facial recognition feature (as permitted by applicable law, including Florida’s privacy law)
How to Exercise Your Rights

To exercise these rights, you can contact us by submitting a data subject access request, by emailing us at masrooralizaidi@gmail.com, or by referring to the contact details at the bottom of this document.

Under certain US state data protection laws, you can designate an authorised agent to make a request on your behalf. We may deny a request from an authorised agent that does not submit proof that they have been validly authorised to act on your behalf in accordance with applicable laws.

Request Verification

Upon receiving your request, we will need to verify your identity to determine you are the same person about whom we have the information in our system. We will only use personal information provided in your request to verify your identity or authority to make the request. However, if we cannot verify your identity from the information already maintained by us, we may request that you provide additional information for the purposes of verifying your identity and for security or fraud-prevention purposes.

If you submit the request through an authorised agent, we may need to collect additional information to verify your identity before processing your request and the agent will need to provide a written and signed permission from you to submit such request on your behalf.

Appeals

Under certain US state data protection laws, if we decline to take action regarding your request, you may appeal our decision by emailing us at masrooralizaidi@gmail.com. We will inform you in writing of any action taken or not taken in response to the appeal, including a written explanation of the reasons for the decisions. If your appeal is denied, you may submit a complaint to your state attorney general.

California 'Shine The Light' Law

California Civil Code Section 1798.83, also known as the 'Shine The Light' law, permits our users who are California residents to request and obtain from us, once a year and free of charge, information about categories of personal information (if any) we disclosed to third parties for direct marketing purposes and the names and addresses of all third parties with which we shared personal information in the immediately preceding calendar year. If you are a California resident and would like to make such a request, please submit your request in writing to us by using the contact details provided in the section 'HOW CAN YOU CONTACT US ABOUT THIS NOTICE?'

12. DO WE MAKE UPDATES TO THIS NOTICE?

In Short: Yes, we will update this notice as necessary to stay compliant with relevant laws.

We may update this privacy notice from time to time. The updated version will be indicated by an updated 'Revised' date at the top of this privacy notice. If we make material changes to this privacy notice, we may notify you either by prominently posting a notice of such changes or by directly sending you a notification. We encourage you to review this privacy notice frequently to be informed of how we are protecting your information.

13. HOW CAN YOU CONTACT US ABOUT THIS NOTICE?

If you have questions or comments about this notice, you may email us at masrooralizaidi@gmail.com or contact us by post at:

__________
__________
Karachi, Sindh 75950
Pakistan

14. HOW CAN YOU REVIEW, UPDATE, OR DELETE THE DATA WE COLLECT FROM YOU?

Based on the applicable laws of your country or state of residence in the US, you may have the right to request access to the personal information we collect from you, details about how we have processed it, correct inaccuracies, or delete your personal information. You may also have the right to withdraw your consent to our processing of your personal information. These rights may be limited in some circumstances by applicable law. To request to review, update, or delete your personal information, please fill out and submit a data subject access request.